{"id":12210,"date":"2019-07-29T08:00:08","date_gmt":"2019-07-29T06:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/?p=12210"},"modified":"2019-09-02T18:43:59","modified_gmt":"2019-09-02T16:43:59","slug":"semaine-31-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/semaine-31-2019","title":{"rendered":"Semaine 31-2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Une citation<\/h2>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0La curiosit\u00e9 des enfants est un penchant de la nature qui va comme au devant de l&rsquo;instruction\u00a0: ne manquez pas d&rsquo;en profiter.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>F\u00e9nelon <\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<h2>Une image<\/h2>\n<figure style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/branchie\/roussette_branchie_145_24-WEB.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/branchie\/roussette_branchie_145_24-WEB.jpg\" width=\"300\" \" alt=\"Quel est cet organe ?\" class=\"size-medium\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quel est cet organe ?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a rel=\"lightbox noopener noreferrer\" href=\"\/images\/albums\/delices-histologiques\/elasmobranche-adulte\/branchie\/roussette_branchie_145_24_zp.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Voir l&rsquo;image de plus grande taille<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a rel=\"lightbox noopener noreferrer\" href=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/branchie\/roussette_branchie_145_24_legende.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Voir l&rsquo;image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;image de la semaine 31-2019 r\u00e9sulte de l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;une coupe histologique au microscope photonique, \u00e0 l&rsquo;objectif x40.<\/p>\n<p>Elle comporte une structure composite globalement concave, entourant un espace vide. Trois ensembles la constituent : une \u00e9paisse couche superficielle form\u00e9e d&rsquo;unit\u00e9s juxtapos\u00e9es, une tunique fibreuse sous-jacente, et une r\u00e9gion ajour\u00e9e en bas \u00e0 droite.   <\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Les unit\u00e9s de la couche superficielle sont de formes diverses, circulaire, ovale ou allong\u00e9e. Elles contiennent une sous-unit\u00e9 le plus souvent ovale, mais parfois circulaire, finement ponctu\u00e9e et baignant dans un environnement l\u00e9g\u00e8rement granuleux.<br \/>\nUne telle organisation est caract\u00e9ristique des <\/a><a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#cellule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cellules<\/a> animales, la sous-unit\u00e9 ovale ou circulaire correspond \u00e0 un noyau, et son environnement au <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#cytoplasme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cytoplasme<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>La couche superficielle appara\u00eet constitu\u00e9e majoritairement de cellules accol\u00e9es et borde un espace vide mat\u00e9rialisant le milieu ext\u00e9rieur. Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-t-a-z#tissu-epithelial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tissu \u00e9pith\u00e9lial<\/a> de rev\u00eatement.<br \/>\nComportant de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale plusieurs assises de cellules, aussi hautes que larges en surface, il est qualifi\u00e9 de pluristratifi\u00e9 et cubique.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>La tunique fibreuse situ\u00e9e sous l&rsquo;\u00e9pith\u00e9lium contient de petites cellules allong\u00e9es dispers\u00e9es dans un abondant mat\u00e9riel extracellulaire. Des espaces de faible dimension, d\u00e9limit\u00e9s par une assise de cellules plates, y sont localis\u00e9s.<br \/>\nL&rsquo;agencement ainsi d\u00e9crit est celui du <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-t-a-z#tissu-conjonctif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tissu conjonctif<\/a> fibreux, contenant des cellules isol\u00e9es, les <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#fibrocyte\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fibrocytes<\/a>, et un mat\u00e9riel extracellulaire structur\u00e9 par des faisceaux de fibres de <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#collagene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collag\u00e8ne<\/a>. Il est parcouru par des vaisseaux sanguins <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#capillaire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">capillaires<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>La r\u00e9gion ajour\u00e9e est form\u00e9e de structures poss\u00e9dant une lumi\u00e8re bord\u00e9e d&rsquo;une paroi relativement \u00e9paisse, constitu\u00e9e de deux tuniques superpos\u00e9es. Au contact de la lumi\u00e8re, un \u00e9pith\u00e9lium simple et cubique est pr\u00e9sent, entour\u00e9 de fibres musculaires lisses entrelac\u00e9es avec du tissu conjonctif fibreux.<\/p>\n<p>Il s&rsquo;agit de vaisseaux sanguins de type <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#arteriel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">art\u00e9riel<\/a>, dont la juxtaposition forme un corps qualifi\u00e9 de caverneux.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;image de la semaine 31-2019 ainsi d\u00e9crite illustre l&rsquo;organisation d&rsquo;un septum branchial d&rsquo;\u00c9lasmobranche, en l&rsquo;occurrence de la Roussette. <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;<a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#appareil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appareil<\/a> respiratoire <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#branchial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">branchial<\/a> de la Roussette fait l&rsquo;objet de l&rsquo;article de la <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-28-2019\">semaine 28-2019<\/a> de Codex virtualis et la structure des septums de celui de la <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-29-2019\">semaine 29-2019<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Localement, entre deux lames branchiales, l&rsquo;\u00e9pith\u00e9lium de rev\u00eatement pluristratifi\u00e9 et cubique des septums est interrompu par des r\u00e9gions concaves form\u00e9es de cellules \u00e9troites, allong\u00e9es perpendiculairement au plan de l&rsquo;\u00e9pith\u00e9lium et dont l&rsquo;apex est irr\u00e9gulier. Leur base est au contact de cellules de forme circulaire ou plate, reposant sur du tissu conjonctif fibreux.<br \/>\nCette organisation est caract\u00e9ristique des fossettes sensorielles rencontr\u00e9es dans les tissus superficiels des Vert\u00e9br\u00e9s aquatiques. Les cellules sensorielles hautes, associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des cellules de soutien, seraient des <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-i-a-o#mecanorecepteur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">m\u00e9canor\u00e9cepteurs<\/a> sensibles aux mouvements de l&rsquo;eau ou des <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#chemorecepteur_n\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ch\u00e9mor\u00e9cepteurs<\/a> sensibles \u00e0 sa composition.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Pour en savoir plus, consulter :<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>les pages <a href=\"\/codex\/de-lorganisation-interne\/premiers-pas-histologiques\">Premiers pas histologiques<\/a> de Codex virtualis (adresse : http:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/de-lorganisation-interne\/premiers-pas-histologiques)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Burkitt H.G., Young B., Heath J.W., 1993 \u2013 Histologie fonctionnelle Wheater. Arnette, 408p. Paris<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Genten F., Terwinghe E., Danguy A., 2010 &#8211; Histologie illustr\u00e9e du poisson. Qu\u00e6, collection Savoir-faire, 505p. Versailles<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Heusser S., Dupuy H.G., 2015 \u2013 Atlas biologie animale. Dunod, 220p. Paris<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Leake L. D., 1975 \u2013 Comparative histology, an introduction to the microscopic structure of animals. Academic press, 738p. London, New York, San Francisco<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Wright D.E., 1973 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00307376\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Structure of the gills of the Elasmobranch, Scyliorhinus canicula (L.).<\/a> Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie, 144, 4 : 489-509 (adresse : https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00307376)<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00307376 \" target=blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DOI = 10.1007\/BF00307376<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une citation \u00ab\u00a0La curiosit\u00e9 des enfants est un penchant de la nature qui va comme au devant de l&rsquo;instruction\u00a0: ne manquez pas d&rsquo;en profiter.\u00a0\u00bb F\u00e9nelon &nbsp; Une image &nbsp; Voir l&rsquo;image de plus grande taille &nbsp; Voir l&rsquo;image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e &nbsp; L&rsquo;image de la semaine 31-2019 r\u00e9sulte de l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;une coupe histologique au microscope photonique, \u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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