{"id":12182,"date":"2019-07-08T08:00:27","date_gmt":"2019-07-08T06:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/?p=12182"},"modified":"2020-05-15T19:01:56","modified_gmt":"2020-05-15T17:01:56","slug":"semaine-28-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/semaine-28-2019","title":{"rendered":"Semaine 28-2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Une citation<\/h2>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0Soyez vous-m\u00eame, tous les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 pris.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>O. Wilde<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<h2>Une image<\/h2>\n<figure style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/branchie\/roussette_branchie_145_02-WEB.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/branchie\/roussette_branchie_145_02-WEB.jpg\" width=\"300\" \" alt=\"Quel est cet organe ?\" class=\"size-medium\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quel est cet organe ?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a rel=\"lightbox noopener noreferrer\" href=\"\/images\/albums\/delices-histologiques\/elasmobranche-adulte\/branchie\/branchie_roussette_145_02_zp.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Voir l&rsquo;image de plus grande taille<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a rel=\"lightbox noopener noreferrer\" href=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/branchie\/roussette_branchie_145_02_legende.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Voir l&rsquo;image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;image de la semaine 28-2019 provient de l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;une coupe histologique au st\u00e9r\u00e9omicroscope.<\/p>\n<p>Elle comporte quatre axes verticaux portant des expansions sur lesquelles sont ins\u00e9r\u00e9s des filaments. Des espaces semblant vides isolent les axes les uns des autres, tandis qu&rsquo;une structure continue les relie en bas de l&rsquo;image.<br \/>\nL&rsquo;ensemble correspond vraisemblablement \u00e0 une cavit\u00e9 subdivis\u00e9e par des cloisons portant des expansions de deux ordres. <\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Les expansions port\u00e9es par les cloisons sont filamenteuses et denses. Il s&rsquo;agit de structures lamelleuses coup\u00e9es perpendiculairement par rapport \u00e0 leur axe longitudinal.<br \/>\nEn l&rsquo;occurrence, les expansions de premier ordre sont appel\u00e9es lames et les expansions de second ordre, lamelles.<\/p>\n<p>Un tel agencement d\u00e9termine une surface de contact importante entre l&rsquo;organe et son environnement pour un volume donn\u00e9. Il est caract\u00e9ristique des organes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9alisation d&rsquo;\u00e9changes.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;organisation des lames est illustr\u00e9e dans les articles des semaines <\/a><a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-26-2019\">26-2019<\/a> et <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-27-2019\">27-2019<\/a> de Codex virtualis, celle des lamelles dans l&rsquo;article de la semaine <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-25-2019\">25-2019<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Il s&rsquo;agit des structures formant les <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#branchie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">branchies<\/a> de Roussette, animal du groupe des Vert\u00e9br\u00e9s \u00e9lasmobranches.<br \/>\nLes \u00e9changes gazeux respiratoires entre le milieu int\u00e9rieur repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le sang et le milieu ext\u00e9rieur correspondant \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau contenue dans les cavit\u00e9s <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#branchial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">branchiales<\/a> sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s \u00e0 travers la paroi des lamelles constitu\u00e9e d&rsquo;un <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#epithelium\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00e9pith\u00e9lium<\/a> simple et pavimenteux, de <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-t-a-z#tissu-conjonctif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tissu conjonctif<\/a> fibreux et de l&rsquo;enveloppe des vaisseaux sanguins <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#capillaire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">capillaires<\/a>. Le dioxyg\u00e8ne <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#diffuser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">diffuse<\/a> du milieu ext\u00e9rieur vers le milieu int\u00e9rieur alors que le dioxyde de carbone diffuse en sens inverse.<\/p>\n<p>Les lames portent les lamelles, y apportent le sang par une <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#artere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">art\u00e8re<\/a> branchiale <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#afferent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">aff\u00e9rente<\/a> et le drainent par une art\u00e8re branchiale <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#efferent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eff\u00e9rente<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Les lames sont port\u00e9es par des cloisons sur toute leur longueur.<br \/>\nLes cloisons sont bord\u00e9es par une tunique continue et relativement \u00e9paisse reposant sur un tissu fibreux.<br \/>\nIl s&rsquo;agit probablement d&rsquo;un \u00e9pith\u00e9lium pluristratifi\u00e9 et de tissu conjonctif fibreux respectivement.<\/p>\n<p>Un tissu organis\u00e9 en faisceaux denses et fibreux est situ\u00e9 imm\u00e9diatement sous le tissu conjonctif fibreux alors que le c\u0153ur des cloisons est occup\u00e9 par un tissu fibreux l\u00e2che contenant des massifs circulaires isol\u00e9s ainsi que des lacunes bien d\u00e9limit\u00e9es.<br \/>\nLes faisceaux denses correspondent \u00e0 du <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-t-a-z#tissu-musculaire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tissu musculaire<\/a> stri\u00e9, le tissu fibreux l\u00e2che \u00e0 du tissu conjonctif fibreux, les massifs circulaires \u00e0 du tissu <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#cartilagineux\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cartilagineux<\/a> et les lacunes \u00e0 des vaisseaux sanguins.<\/p>\n<p>Cette organisation est caract\u00e9ristiques des cloisons branchiales des \u00c9lasmobranches, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9es septums branchiaux.<br \/>\nBord\u00e9es d&rsquo;un \u00e9pith\u00e9lium pluristratifi\u00e9, elles sont form\u00e9es de tissu conjonctif fibreux dense puis l\u00e2che et de tissu musculaire stri\u00e9. Elles sont soutenues par des rayons cartilagineux et abritent les vaisseaux branchiaux.<\/p>\n<p>Elles contiennent parfois des massifs denses de cellules isol\u00e9es, correspondant \u00e0 du tissu lympho\u00efde.<\/p>\n<p>Les cloisons naissent du pharynx et prennent fin au niveau du t\u00e9gument, o\u00f9 elles m\u00e9nagent entre elles des fentes branchiales. L&rsquo;eau contenue dans les cavit\u00e9s branchiales provient du pharynx et sort par les fentes branchiales.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Pour en savoir plus, consulter :<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>les pages <a href=\"\/codex\/de-lorganisation-interne\/premiers-pas-histologiques\">Premiers pas histologiques<\/a> de Codex virtualis (adresse : http:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/de-lorganisation-interne\/premiers-pas-histologiques)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Burkitt H.G., Young B., Heath J.W., 1993 \u2013 Histologie fonctionnelle Wheater. Arnette, 408p. Paris<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Genten F., Terwinghe E., Danguy A., 2010 &#8211; Histologie illustr\u00e9e du poisson. Qu\u00e6, collection Savoir-faire, 505p. Versailles<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Heusser S., Dupuy H.G., 2015 \u2013 Atlas biologie animale. Dunod, 220p. Paris<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Leake L. D., 1975 \u2013 Comparative histology, an introduction to the microscopic structure of animals. Academic press, 738p. London, New York, San Francisco<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Wright D.E., 1973 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00307376\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Structure of the gills of the Elasmobranch, Scyliorhinus canicula (L.).<\/a> Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie, 144, 4 : 489-509 (adresse : https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00307376)<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00307376 \" target=blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DOI = 10.1007\/BF00307376<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une citation \u00ab\u00a0Soyez vous-m\u00eame, tous les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 pris.\u00a0\u00bb O. Wilde &nbsp; Une image &nbsp; Voir l&rsquo;image de plus grande taille &nbsp; Voir l&rsquo;image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e &nbsp; L&rsquo;image de la semaine 28-2019 provient de l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;une coupe histologique au st\u00e9r\u00e9omicroscope. Elle comporte quatre axes verticaux portant des expansions sur lesquelles sont ins\u00e9r\u00e9s des filaments. Des [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,14,23,22],"class_list":["post-12182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-la-une","tag-elasmobranche","tag-histologie","tag-observation","tag-physiologie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12182"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12681,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12182\/revisions\/12681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}