{"id":11731,"date":"2019-01-21T08:00:22","date_gmt":"2019-01-21T07:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/?p=11731"},"modified":"2019-01-20T10:37:47","modified_gmt":"2019-01-20T09:37:47","slug":"semaine-04-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/semaine-04-2019","title":{"rendered":"Semaine 04-2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Une citation<\/h2>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0Sartre a raison : exister, c&rsquo;est d&rsquo;abord \u00eatre de trop, absolument pas n\u00e9cessaire, gratuit et absurde.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>A. Blondin <\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<h2>Une image<\/h2>\n<figure style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/testicule\/lombric_ct_genital_male_an_05_vesicule_seminale_03-WEB.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/testicule\/lombric_ct_genital_male_an_05_vesicule_seminale_03-WEB.jpg\" width=\"300\" \" alt=\"Quel est cet organe ?\" class=\"size-medium\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quel est cet organe ?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/images\/albums\/delices-histologiques\/annelide-adulte\/appareil-reproducteur\/lombric_ct_genital_male_an_05_vesicule_seminale_03_zp.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Voir l&rsquo;image de plus grande taille<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/testicule\/lombric_ct_genital_male_an_05_vesicule_seminale_03_legende.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Voir l&rsquo;image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;image de la semaine 04-2019 provient de l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;une coupe histologique \u00e0 l&rsquo;objectif x100 du microscope photonique.<\/p>\n<p>Elle appara\u00eet constitu\u00e9e de structures composites de formes diverses, comprenant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une masse centrale finement granuleuse entour\u00e9e d&rsquo;unit\u00e9s circulaires ou allong\u00e9es dont les limites sont parfois peu visibles mais contenant des sous-unit\u00e9s ovales et ponctu\u00e9es ou longues, \u00e9troites et homog\u00e8nes. <\/p>\n<p>Cette organisation est caract\u00e9ristique des <\/a><a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#cellule\" target=\"_blank\">cellules<\/a> animales, les sous-unit\u00e9s correspondant \u00e0 des noyaux et l&rsquo;espace les entourant au <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#cytoplasme\" target=\"_blank\">cytoplasme<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>En l&rsquo;occurrence, les cellules sont dispos\u00e9es autour d&rsquo;une masse centrale, formant des groupes. Elles sont semblables au sein d&rsquo;un groupe mais diff\u00e8rent d&rsquo;un groupe \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre.<\/p>\n<p>Certaines comportent un volumineux noyau contenant des granules color\u00e9s relativement gros et peu de cytoplasme.<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;autres poss\u00e8dent un noyau de dimension r\u00e9duite renfermant \u00e9galement des granules color\u00e9s parfois associ\u00e9s \u00e0 de fines granulations sombres, baignant dans un faible volume de cytoplasme.<\/p>\n<p>Une derni\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorie correspond \u00e0 des cellules allong\u00e9es dont le noyau est long et \u00e9troit, dens\u00e9ment et uniform\u00e9ment color\u00e9, entour\u00e9 de tr\u00e8s  peu de cytoplasme. Selon le groupe, l&rsquo;allongement des cellules et de leur noyau varie, entre une forme oblongue, de b\u00e2tonnet et effil\u00e9e. Finalement, une fine expansion est form\u00e9e \u00e0 une extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 de la cellule.<\/p>\n<p>Les cellules des groupes ainsi d\u00e9crites ont vraisemblablement atteint des stades successifs d&rsquo;une m\u00eame \u00e9volution concernant leur noyau et leur forme.<\/p>\n<p>Une telle \u00e9volution est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement observ\u00e9e dans les <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#gonade\" target=\"_blank\">gonades<\/a>, organes au sein desquels se d\u00e9roule la formation des <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#gamete\" target=\"_blank\">gam\u00e8tes<\/a> ou <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#gametogenese\" target=\"_blank\">gam\u00e9togen\u00e8se<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>La pr\u00e9sence de cellules longues et \u00e9troites, munies d&rsquo;une expansion, sugg\u00e8re qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un organe m\u00e2le dans lequel les cellules \u00e9voluent en <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-p-a-s#spermatozoide\" target=\"_blank\">spermatozo\u00efdes<\/a>, gam\u00e8tes m\u00e2les fr\u00e9quemment munis d&rsquo;un corps cellulaire appel\u00e9 t\u00eate portant un <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#flagelle-n\" target=\"_blank\">flagelle<\/a> formant une queue.<br \/>\nLes cellules sont en cours de <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-p-a-s#spermatogenese\" target=\"_blank\">spermatogen\u00e8se<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;agencement des cellules en une couronne entourant une masse centrale laisse \u00e0 penser que l&rsquo;organe ayant servi \u00e0 confectionner la coupe est une v\u00e9sicule s\u00e9minale de Lombric, <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#annelide\" target=\"_blank\">Ann\u00e9lide<\/a> oligoch\u00e8te. Les cellules sont group\u00e9es en spermatosph\u00e8res dont le c\u0153ur est un blastophore.<\/p>\n<p>Dans cette esp\u00e8ce les testicules, gonades m\u00e2les, donnent naissance \u00e0 des <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-p-a-s#spermatogonie\" target=\"_blank\">spermatogonies<\/a>. Elles sont transf\u00e9r\u00e9es dans les v\u00e9sicules s\u00e9minales o\u00f9 les spermatozo\u00efdes sont produits.<br \/>\nPar des mitoses, les spermatogonies sont \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine de <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-p-a-s#spermatocyte\" target=\"_blank\">spermatocytes<\/a> I <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#diploide\" target=\"_blank\">diplo\u00efdes<\/a>. Ils subissent une <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-i-a-o#meiose\" target=\"_blank\">m\u00e9iose<\/a>, la premi\u00e8re division conduisant \u00e0 la formation de spermatocytes II et la seconde \u00e0 la formation de <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-p-a-s#spermatide\" target=\"_blank\">spermatides<\/a> <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#haploide\" target=\"_blank\">haplo\u00efdes<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>Cette \u00e9volution est d\u00e9crite dans l&rsquo;article de la semaine <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-03-2019\">03-2019<\/a> de Codex virtualis et l\u2019organisation de l\u2019<a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#appareil\" target=\"_blank\">appareil<\/a> <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#genital\" target=\"_blank\">g\u00e9nital<\/a> m\u00e2le du Lombric dans les articles des semaines <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-51-2018\">51-2018<\/a> et <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-50-2018\">50-2018<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Les cellules de la troisi\u00e8me cat\u00e9gorie sont ainsi de spermatides qui se diff\u00e9rencient progressivement en spermatozo\u00efdes par un processus de spermiogen\u00e8se. Leur noyau devient dense et uniforme et s&rsquo;allonge progressivement alors que la forme de la cellule devient \u00e9troite et longue. Un flagelle se d\u00e9veloppe \u00e9galement \u00e0 une extr\u00e9mit\u00e9.<br \/>\n<em>La num\u00e9rotation des spermatides dans l&rsquo;image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e indique l&rsquo;ordre chronologique mais n&rsquo;a pas de valeur conventionnelle. <\/em><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Pour en savoir plus, consulter :<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>les pages <a href=\"\/codex\/de-lorganisation-interne\/premiers-pas-histologiques\">Premiers pas histologiques<\/a> de Codex virtualis (adresse : http:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/de-lorganisation-interne\/premiers-pas-histologiques)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Burkitt H.G., Young B., Heath J.W., 1993 \u2013 Histologie fonctionnelle Wheater. Arnette, 408p. Paris<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Calkins G. N., 1895 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/jmor.1050110203\" target=\"_blank\">The spermatogenesis of Lumbricus.<\/a> Journal of morphology, 11, 2 : 271-302 (adresse&nbsp;: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/jmor.1050110203)<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmor.1050110203 \" target=\"_blank\">DOI : 10.1002\/jmor.1050110203<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Heusser S., Dupuy H.G., 2015 \u2013 Atlas biologie animale. Dunod, 220p. Paris<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Leake L. D., 1975 \u2013 Comparative histology, an introduction to the microscopic structure of animals. Academic press, 738p. London, New York, San Francisco<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une citation \u00ab\u00a0Sartre a raison : exister, c&rsquo;est d&rsquo;abord \u00eatre de trop, absolument pas n\u00e9cessaire, gratuit et absurde.\u00a0\u00bb A. Blondin &nbsp; Une image &nbsp; Voir l&rsquo;image de plus grande taille &nbsp; Voir l&rsquo;image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e &nbsp; L&rsquo;image de la semaine 04-2019 provient de l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;une coupe histologique \u00e0 l&rsquo;objectif x100 du microscope photonique. Elle appara\u00eet constitu\u00e9e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[47,14,23,22],"class_list":["post-11731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-la-une","tag-annelide","tag-histologie","tag-observation","tag-physiologie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11731","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11731"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11731\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11751,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11731\/revisions\/11751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}