{"id":11518,"date":"2018-11-12T08:00:06","date_gmt":"2018-11-12T07:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/?p=11518"},"modified":"2018-11-13T17:57:42","modified_gmt":"2018-11-13T16:57:42","slug":"semaine-46-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/semaine-46-2018","title":{"rendered":"Semaine 46-2018"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Une citation<\/h2>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0L&rsquo;ignorance est formidable\u00a0: c&rsquo;est la condition indispensable avant de vraiment apprendre quoi que ce soit.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>T. Pratchett<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<h2>Une image<\/h2>\n<figure style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/compartiments_liquidiens\/lombric_vaisseau_dorsal_01-WEB.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/compartiments_liquidiens\/lombric_vaisseau_dorsal_01-WEB.jpg\" width=\"300\" \" alt=\"Quel est cet organe ?\" class=\"size-medium\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quel est cet organe ?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/images\/albums\/delices-histologiques\/annelide-adulte\/appareil-circulatoire\/lombric_vaisseau_dorsal_01_zp.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Voir l&rsquo;image de plus grande taille<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/compartiments_liquidiens\/lombric_vaisseau_dorsal_01_legende.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Voir l&rsquo;image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;image de la semaine 46-2018 r\u00e9sulte de l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;une coupe histologique \u00e0 l&rsquo;objectif x20 du microscope photonique.<\/p>\n<p>Elle comporte une structure ovale d\u00e9limit\u00e9e par une paroi composite et surmont\u00e9e d&rsquo;un espace semblant vide. Le c\u0153ur de cette structure est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par un espace vide contenant de petites unit\u00e9s baignant dans un milieu homog\u00e8ne.<br \/>\nIl s&rsquo;agit vraisemblablement d&rsquo;un organe tubuleux coup\u00e9 transversalement.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>La paroi du tube appara\u00eet form\u00e9e de plusieurs tuniques. De la lumi\u00e8re vers la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie, ce sont :<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>une fine couche semblant discontinue, constitu\u00e9e d&rsquo;unit\u00e9s ovales homog\u00e8nes contenant une structure sombre ;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>une bande dense, continue et ondul\u00e9e sous laquelle quelques fines fibres sont pr\u00e9sentes ;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>un ensemble form\u00e9 d&rsquo;unit\u00e9s fusiformes et homog\u00e8nes abritant parfois une structure plus sombre et ovale ;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>ponctuellement, des unit\u00e9s semblables aux pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes mais circulaires ;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>une assise continue d&rsquo;unit\u00e9s de forme carr\u00e9e, munies d&rsquo;une structure sombre, ponctu\u00e9e et ovale ;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>une \u00e9paisse tunique p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique de volumineuses unit\u00e9s granuleuses comportant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une structure sombre, ponctu\u00e9e et ovale. <\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Les structures d\u00e9crites, \u00e0 contenu homog\u00e8ne ou granuleux et contenant une unit\u00e9 sombre, correspondent \u00e0 des cellules animales munies d&rsquo;un noyau.<\/p>\n<p>Elles forment un r\u00e9seau au contact de la lumi\u00e8re du tube.<br \/>\nIl repose sur un tissu fibreux dense formant des ondulations, puis l\u00e2che et contenant des cellules dispers\u00e9es. Il s&rsquo;agit de <\/a><a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-t-a-z#tissu-conjonctif\" target=\"_blank\">tissu conjonctif<\/a> fibreux.<br \/>\nLe tissu conjonctif est entour\u00e9 d&rsquo;une tunique bien d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e de cellules fusiformes et d&rsquo;une tunique peu importante de cellules circulaires. Elles correspondent respectivement \u00e0 des fibres musculaires lisses \u00e0 dispositions circulaire et longitudinale.<br \/>\nL&rsquo;ensemble est entour\u00e9 d&rsquo;une assise continue de cellules de forme carr\u00e9e. Elles d\u00e9terminent un <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#epithelium\" target=\"_blank\">\u00e9pith\u00e9lium<\/a> de rev\u00eatement, simple et cubique, isol\u00e9 des tuniques musculaires par un tr\u00e8s fin tissu conjonctif fibreux.<br \/>\nEnfin, l&rsquo;\u00e9paisse enveloppe externe irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re est form\u00e9e de cellules de grande dimension \u00e0 cytoplasme h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne. Leur organisation est caract\u00e9ristique des cellules <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#chloragogene\" target=\"_blank\">chloragog\u00e8nes<\/a> ou <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#chloragocyte\" target=\"_blank\">chloragocytes<\/a> rencontr\u00e9es chez les <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#annelide\" target=\"_blank\">Ann\u00e9lides<\/a> comme le Lombric, et ayant fait l&rsquo;objet de l&rsquo;article de la <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-26-2018\">semaine 26-2018<\/a> de Codex virtualis. <\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;organe tubuleux dont la paroi est ainsi d\u00e9crite est un vaisseau sanguin de Lombric observ\u00e9 en coupe transversale. Sa lumi\u00e8re contient du sang, form\u00e9 d&rsquo;une phase liquide dans laquelle baignent des cellules appel\u00e9es <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#hemocyte\" target=\"_blank\">h\u00e9mocytes<\/a>.<br \/>\nLe vaisseau sanguin est surmont\u00e9 d&rsquo;un vaste espace semblant vide, correspondant \u00e0 une cavit\u00e9 <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#coelomique\" target=\"_blank\">c\u0153lomique<\/a>. Cette localisation sugg\u00e8re qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit du vaisseau sanguin dorsal, visible dans l&rsquo;image de l&rsquo;article de la <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-42-2018\">semaine 42-2018<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>La comparaison de la structure de la paroi du vaisseau sanguin dorsal avec celle des cavit\u00e9s c\u0153lomiques, \u00e9tudi\u00e9e dans les articles des semaines <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-43-2018\">43-2018<\/a> pour la somatopleure, <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-44-2018\">44-2018<\/a> pour la paroi tapissant les diss\u00e9piments et <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-45-2018\">45-2018<\/a> pour le m\u00e9sent\u00e8re, r\u00e9v\u00e8le une organisation similaire avec un \u00e9pith\u00e9lium reposant sur du tissu conjonctif fibreux et du tissu musculaire lisse.<br \/>\nIl est vraisemblable que les vaisseaux sanguins des Ann\u00e9lides sont d\u00e9limit\u00e9s par la paroi des cavit\u00e9s c\u0153lomiques \u00e0 laquelle s&rsquo;ajoute une \u00e9paisse tunique conjonctive interne et un r\u00e9seau de cellules au contact du sang.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Pour en savoir plus, consulter :<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>les pages <a href=\"\/codex\/de-lorganisation-interne\/premiers-pas-histologiques\">Premiers pas histologiques<\/a> de Codex virtualis (adresse : http:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/de-lorganisation-interne\/premiers-pas-histologiques)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span> Burkitt H.G., Young B., Heath J.W., 1993 \u2013 Histologie fonctionnelle Wheater. Arnette, 408p. Paris<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Hanson J., 1949 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1949.tb00573.x\" target=\"_blank\">The histology of the blood system in Ologochaeta and Polychaeta.<\/a> Biological reviews of Cambridge philosophical society, 24, 2 : 127-173 (adresse : https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1949.tb00573.x)<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1949.tb00573.x \" target=\"_blank\">DOI : 10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1949.tb00573.x<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Hartenstein V., Mandal L., 2006 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/bies.20497\" target=\"_blank\">The blood\/vascular system in a phylogenetic perspective.<\/a> BioEssays, 28, 12 : 1203-1210 (adresse : https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/bies.20497)<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.20497 \" target=\"_blank\">DOI : 10.1002\/bies.20497<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Heusser S., Dupuy H.G., 2015 \u2013 Atlas biologie animale. Dunod, 220p. Paris<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Leake L. D., 1975 \u2013 Comparative histology, an introduction to the microscopic structure of animals. Academic press, 738p. London, New York, San Francisco<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Mu\u00f1oz\u2010Ch\u00e1puli R., Carmona R., Guadix J.A., Mac\u00edas D., P\u00e9rez\u2010Pomares J.M., 2005 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1525-142X.2005.05040.x\" target=\"_blank\">The origin of the endothelial cells: an evo\u2010devo approach for the invertebrate\/vertebrate transition of the circulatory system.<\/a> Evolution &#038; Development, 7, 4 : 351-358 (adresse : https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1525-142X.2005.05040.x)<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1525-142X.2005.05040.x \" target=\"_blank\">DOI : 10.1111\/j.1525-142X.2005.05040.x<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une citation \u00ab\u00a0L&rsquo;ignorance est formidable\u00a0: c&rsquo;est la condition indispensable avant de vraiment apprendre quoi que ce soit.\u00a0\u00bb T. Pratchett &nbsp; Une image &nbsp; Voir l&rsquo;image de plus grande taille &nbsp; Voir l&rsquo;image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e &nbsp; L&rsquo;image de la semaine 46-2018 r\u00e9sulte de l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;une coupe histologique \u00e0 l&rsquo;objectif x20 du microscope photonique. Elle comporte une structure [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[47,14,23,22],"class_list":["post-11518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-la-une","tag-annelide","tag-histologie","tag-observation","tag-physiologie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11518"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11549,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11518\/revisions\/11549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}