{"id":11358,"date":"2018-10-01T08:00:22","date_gmt":"2018-10-01T06:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/?p=11358"},"modified":"2018-10-16T18:51:13","modified_gmt":"2018-10-16T16:51:13","slug":"semaine-40-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/semaine-40-2018","title":{"rendered":"Semaine 40-2018"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Une citation<\/h2>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0Non moins que savoir, douter me pla\u00eet.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Dante<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<h2>Une image<\/h2>\n<figure style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/cellule_libre\/lombric_coelomocyte_dissepiment_41-WEB.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/cellule_libre\/lombric_coelomocyte_dissepiment_41-WEB.jpg\" width=\"300\" \" alt=\"Quel est cet organe ?\" class=\"size-medium\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quel est cet organe ?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/images\/albums\/delices-histologiques\/annelide-adulte\/coelome\/lombric_coelomocyte_dissepiment_41_zp.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Voir l&rsquo;image de plus grande taille<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/documents\/images\/histologie_articles\/cellule_libre\/lombric_coelomocyte_dissepiment_41_legende.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Voir l&rsquo;image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;image de la semaine 40-2018 provient de l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;une coupe histologique \u00e0 l&rsquo;objectif x40 du microscope photonique.<\/p>\n<p>Elle est form\u00e9e de deux parties semblables, d\u00e9limit\u00e9es par une cloison m\u00e9diane. Chacune comporte un espace dont le fond semble vide et dans lequel sont dispers\u00e9s des \u00e9l\u00e9ments isol\u00e9s, ainsi qu&rsquo;une structure continue partiellement visible. <\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments dispers\u00e9s ont des formes diverses : certains sont ovales ou circulaires, d&rsquo;autres portent de fines expansions. Leurs tailles sont \u00e9galement vari\u00e9es ainsi que la texture de leurs contenus, lisse ou granuleuse.<br \/>\nTous contiennent une unit\u00e9 ovale ponctu\u00e9e de taches sombres.<\/p>\n<p>Il s&rsquo;agit de <\/a><a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#cellule\" target=\"_blank\">cellules<\/a> animales, leur limite externe mat\u00e9rialise la membrane plasmique, l&rsquo;unit\u00e9 ovale ponctu\u00e9e correspond \u00e0 leur noyau et le contenu lisse ou granuleux est leur <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#cytoplasme\" target=\"_blank\">cytoplasme<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Isol\u00e9es les unes des autres, elles sont appel\u00e9es \u00e9l\u00e9ments figur\u00e9s et baignent dans un liquide extracellulaire contenu dans un compartiment liquidien.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>La cloison m\u00e9diane isolant les deux compartiments est fine mais constitu\u00e9e de plusieurs couches d&rsquo;organisations distinctes. <\/p>\n<p>Au contact du liquide, une fine assise est pr\u00e9sente. Elle est form\u00e9e d&rsquo;unit\u00e9s poss\u00e9dant une limite nette et contenant un noyau. Elles sont plates et jointes les unes aux autres.<br \/>\nIl s&rsquo;agit de cellules constituant un <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#epithelium\" target=\"_blank\">\u00e9pith\u00e9lium<\/a> simple et pavimenteux.<\/p>\n<p>Sous chaque \u00e9pith\u00e9lium, un mat\u00e9riel fibreux est observ\u00e9. Il comporte des cellules dispers\u00e9es associ\u00e9es \u00e0 du mat\u00e9riel extracellulaire fibreux. Il correspond \u00e0 du <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-t-a-z#tissu-conjonctif\" target=\"_blank\">tissu conjonctif<\/a> fibreux.<\/p>\n<p>Enfin, le c\u0153ur de la cloison est occup\u00e9 par des cellules allong\u00e9es, \u00e0 noyau allong\u00e9 et \u00e0 cytoplasme lisse. Ce sont des fibres musculaires lisses.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Les structures denses situ\u00e9es des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de l&rsquo;image sont elles aussi composites.<\/p>\n<p>Au contact du liquide du compartiment, une couche \u00e9paisse et nettement granuleuse est visible. Elle est form\u00e9e de cellules allong\u00e9es, poss\u00e9dant chacune un noyau. Les noyaux sont situ\u00e9s \u00e0 des niveaux vari\u00e9s, selon les cellules, et le cytoplasme contient de volumineux granules clairs.<\/p>\n<p>Ces cellules constituent une couche continue entourant la paroi d&rsquo;un organe.<br \/>\nLa paroi appara\u00eet form\u00e9e d&rsquo;un tissu dense constitu\u00e9 de fines unit\u00e9s allong\u00e9es et homog\u00e8nes, contenant chacune un noyau. Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une tunique de fibres musculaires lisses. Elle est surmont\u00e9e par un tissu l\u00e2che comportant de fines fibres parmi lesquelles sont dispers\u00e9es des cellules. Il correspond \u00e0 du tissu conjonctif fibreux.<br \/>\nUne tunique continue est partiellement visible \u00e0 son contact. <\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Une telle organisation sugg\u00e8re que la coupe est confectionn\u00e9e dans un animal dont le corps est form\u00e9 d&rsquo;unit\u00e9s r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es. En l&rsquo;occurrence, il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une coupe d&rsquo;<a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#annelide\" target=\"_blank\">Ann\u00e9lide<\/a>, ou ver annel\u00e9, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment d&rsquo;un Lombric ou Ver de terre.<\/p>\n<p>Les deux parties semblables correspondent \u00e0 des portions de segments successifs le long de l&rsquo;axe longitudinal, et la cloison les s\u00e9parant \u00e0 un <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#dissepiment\" target=\"_blank\">diss\u00e9piment<\/a>.<br \/>\nLes cavit\u00e9s contenant des \u00e9l\u00e9ments figur\u00e9s sont des cavit\u00e9s <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#coelomique\" target=\"_blank\">c\u0153lomiques<\/a>, et les cellules qu&rsquo;elles contiennent des leucocytes et des <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-a-a-c#chloragocyte\" target=\"_blank\">chloragocytes<\/a>, d\u00e9crits dans les articles des semaines <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-37-2018\">37-2018<\/a>, <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-38-2018\">38-2018<\/a> et <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-39-2018\">39-2018<\/a> de Codex virtualis.<\/p>\n<p>Les structures partiellement visibles aux deux extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s de l&rsquo;image sont des sections de tube <a href=\"\/codex\/glossaire\/glossaire-de-d-a-h#digestif\" target=\"_blank\">digestif<\/a>, dont la paroi comprend un \u00e9pith\u00e9lium incompl\u00e8tement visible, entour\u00e9 de tissu conjonctif fibreux et de tissu musculaire lisse. Une couche de chloragocytes est situ\u00e9e autour de l&rsquo;organe. Il a fait l&rsquo;objet des articles des semaines <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-25-2018\">25-2018<\/a> et <a href=\"\/codex\/semaine-26-2018\">26-2018<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Pour en savoir plus, consulter :<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>les pages <a href=\"\/codex\/de-lorganisation-interne\/premiers-pas-histologiques\">Premiers pas histologiques<\/a> de Codex virtualis (adresse : http:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/de-lorganisation-interne\/premiers-pas-histologiques)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span> Burkitt H.G., Young B., Heath J.W., 1993 \u2013 Histologie fonctionnelle Wheater. Arnette, 408p. Paris<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Heusser S., Dupuy H.G., 2015 \u2013 Atlas biologie animale. Dunod, 220p. Paris<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Leake L. D., 1975 \u2013 Comparative histology, an introduction to the microscopic structure of animals. Academic press, 738p. London, New York, San Francisco<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Linthicum D. S., Stein E. A., Marks D. H. and Cooper E. L., 1977 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00220292\" target=\"_blank\">Electron-microscopic observations of normal coelomocytes from the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris.<\/a> Cell and Tissue Research, 185, 3 : 315-330 (adresse : https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00220292)<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/\/10.1007\/BF00220292 \" target=\"_blank\">DOI : \/10.1007\/BF00220292<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">&bull; <\/span>Stein E., Avtalion R.R. and Cooper E.L., 1977 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/jmor.1051530310\" target=\"_blank\">The coelomocytes of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris : morphology and phagocytic properties.<\/a> Journal of morphology, 153 : 467-477 (adresse : https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/jmor.1051530310)<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmor.1051530310 \" target=\"_blank\">DOI : 10.1002\/jmor.1051530310<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une citation \u00ab\u00a0Non moins que savoir, douter me pla\u00eet.\u00a0\u00bb Dante &nbsp; Une image &nbsp; Voir l&rsquo;image de plus grande taille &nbsp; Voir l&rsquo;image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e &nbsp; L&rsquo;image de la semaine 40-2018 provient de l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;une coupe histologique \u00e0 l&rsquo;objectif x40 du microscope photonique. Elle est form\u00e9e de deux parties semblables, d\u00e9limit\u00e9es par une cloison m\u00e9diane. Chacune [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[47,14,23,22],"class_list":["post-11358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-la-une","tag-annelide","tag-histologie","tag-observation","tag-physiologie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11358"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11358\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11410,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11358\/revisions\/11410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11358"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11358"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11358"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}