{"id":5183,"date":"2013-08-17T18:31:34","date_gmt":"2013-08-17T16:31:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/?page_id=5183"},"modified":"2013-08-18T17:47:22","modified_gmt":"2013-08-18T15:47:22","slug":"mecopteres","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/cabinet-de-curiosites-virtuel\/de-lidentification-des-animaux\/quel-insecte\/mecopteres","title":{"rendered":"Les M\u00e9copt\u00e8res"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p><em>\u00c9tymologiquement, le terme M\u00e9copt\u00e8re d\u00e9rive de \u00ab\u00a0mekos\u00a0\u00bb signifiant \u00ab\u00a0longueur\u00a0\u00bb et de \u00ab\u00a0pteron\u00a0\u00bb signifiant \u00ab\u00a0aile\u00a0\u00bb. Il fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la forme longue et \u00e9troite des ailes que poss\u00e8dent les repr\u00e9sentants du groupe.<\/em><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>Le taxon des M\u00e9copt\u00e8res compte environ 400 esp\u00e8ces.<\/p>\n<p>Ces Insectes \u00e9voluent dans les lieux ombrag\u00e9s, se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant sur les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux.<br \/>\nIls poss\u00e8dent un r\u00e9gime alimentaire carn\u00e9 (compos\u00e9 principalement de charognes) mais ils consomment \u00e9galement des fruits m\u00fbrs.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<h2>Caract\u00e9ristiques morphologiques<\/h2>\n<p>Les Panorpes, aussi appel\u00e9es Mouches scorpions, sont des repr\u00e9sentants du groupe des M\u00e9copt\u00e8res assez courants.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/documents\/images\/ordres_insectes\/Panorpa_vulagris_03_12_femelle_bis-WEB.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" \" title=\"Mouche scorpion (femelle \u2013 M\u00e9copt\u00e8re)\" src=\"\/documents\/images\/ordres_insectes\/Panorpa_vulagris_03_12_femelle_bis-WEB.jpg\" alt=\"Mouche scorpion\" width=\"300\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mouche scorpion (femelle \u2013 M\u00e9copt\u00e8re)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/documents\/images\/ordres_insectes\/Panorpa_vulagris_03_12_femelle_bis_legende-WEB.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">voir l&rsquo;image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e<\/a><\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;une longueur variant de 2 \u00e0 25\u00a0mm, le corps est de couleur jaun\u00e2tre \u00e0 brun\u00e2tre.<\/p>\n<p>La t\u00eate, ant\u00e9rieure, pr\u00e9sente deux yeux compos\u00e9s bien d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s, et g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement trois ocelles.<br \/>\nElle est prolong\u00e9e vers le bas par un rostre qui porte \u00e0 son extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 les mandibules.<\/p>\n<p>Le thorax qui lui fait suite poss\u00e8de g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement deux paires d\u2019ailes semblables, longues et \u00e9troites, plus ou moins marbr\u00e9es de noir, \u00e0 nervation compl\u00e8te. D&rsquo;un m\u00eame c\u00f4t\u00e9, ailes ant\u00e9rieure et post\u00e9rieure sont coupl\u00e9es par un syst\u00e8me simple, form\u00e9 de lobes de l\u2019aile ant\u00e9rieure et de soies de l\u2019aile post\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;abdomen post\u00e9rieur est termin\u00e9 par deux cerques tr\u00e8s petits.<br \/>\nChez le m\u00e2le, le dernier  segment est renfl\u00e9 et relev\u00e9\u00a0; il est \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine du nom vernaculaire de Mouche scorpion.<br \/>\nChez la femelle, l&rsquo;extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 abdominale est effil\u00e9e et porte parfois un ovipositeur bien d\u00e9velopp\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<h2>Cycle de vie<\/h2>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;accouplement, la femelle d\u00e9pose ses \u0153ufs dans le sol.<\/p>\n<p>Au terme du d\u00e9veloppement embryonnaire, l&rsquo;\u00e9closion lib\u00e8re une larve poss\u00e9dant trois paires de pattes thoraciques et huit paires de fausses pattes abdominales.<br \/>\nFouisseuse, elle vit dans le sol ou la liti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement post-embryonnaire est compos\u00e9 d\u2019une succession de stades larvaires s\u00e9par\u00e9s par des mues larvaires, puis d&rsquo;un stade nymphal libre issu d\u2019une mue larvo-nymphale se d\u00e9roulant dans une cavit\u00e9 du sol.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;imago \u00e9merge \u00e0 la faveur d&rsquo;une mue nympho-imaginale qui se produit apr\u00e8s que la nymphe soit remont\u00e9e \u00e0 la surface du sol.<\/p>\n<p>En raison de la pr\u00e9sence, dans le cycle de vie, d&rsquo;une phase larvaire et d&rsquo;une m\u00e9tamorphose intervenant lors de p\u00e9riode nymphale, les M\u00e9copt\u00e8res sont qualifi\u00e9s d&rsquo;Insectes holom\u00e9taboles.<br \/>\nLe d\u00e9veloppement des ailes sous forme d&rsquo;\u00e9bauches internes est en outre caract\u00e9ristique des Insectes endopt\u00e9rygotes.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u00c9tymologiquement, le terme M\u00e9copt\u00e8re d\u00e9rive de \u00ab\u00a0mekos\u00a0\u00bb signifiant \u00ab\u00a0longueur\u00a0\u00bb et de \u00ab\u00a0pteron\u00a0\u00bb signifiant \u00ab\u00a0aile\u00a0\u00bb. Il fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la forme longue et \u00e9troite des ailes que poss\u00e8dent les repr\u00e9sentants du groupe. &nbsp; Le taxon des M\u00e9copt\u00e8res compte environ 400 esp\u00e8ces. Ces Insectes \u00e9voluent dans les lieux ombrag\u00e9s, se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant sur les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux. Ils poss\u00e8dent [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":5386,"menu_order":16,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5183","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5183"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5183\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5185,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5183\/revisions\/5185"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}