{"id":5145,"date":"2013-08-17T18:18:53","date_gmt":"2013-08-17T16:18:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/?page_id=5145"},"modified":"2013-08-18T17:34:13","modified_gmt":"2013-08-18T15:34:13","slug":"dictyopteres","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/cabinet-de-curiosites-virtuel\/de-lidentification-des-animaux\/quel-insecte\/dictyopteres","title":{"rendered":"Les Dictyopt\u00e8res"},"content":{"rendered":"

  <\/p>\n

\u00c9tymologiquement, le terme \u00ab Dictyopt\u00e8re \u00bb d\u00e9rive de \u00ab dictyo \u00bb signifiant \u00ab r\u00e9seau \u00bb et \u00ab pteron \u00bb signifiant \u00ab aile \u00bb. Il est une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de nervures transversales sur les ailes dans le groupe.<\/em><\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n

Le taxon des Dictyopt\u00e8res est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par 8 000 esp\u00e8ces environ.<\/p>\n

Selon les sous-groupes, les modes de vie sont vari\u00e9s :<\/p>\n

• <\/span>les Blattes ont des m\u0153urs nocturnes et vivent cach\u00e9es le jour, se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant en marchant ou en courant, elles sont omnivores ;<\/p>\n

• <\/span>les Mantes ont des m\u0153urs diurnes et sont carnivores ;<\/p>\n

• <\/span>les Termites poss\u00e8dent un mode de vie social avec une sp\u00e9cialisation des individus et la formation de castes, et ont un r\u00e9gime alimentaire principalement compos\u00e9 de bois.<\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n

Caract\u00e9ristiques morphologiques<\/h2>\n

La Blatte am\u00e9ricaine, la Mante religieuse et les Termites sont des repr\u00e9sentants des Dictyopt\u00e8res assez courants dans nos r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n

\"Blatte\"<\/a>
Blatte (juv\u00e9nile – Dictyopt\u00e8re)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

  <\/p>\n

voir l’image l\u00e9gend\u00e9e<\/a><\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n

Le corps est aplati et sa longueur varie de 3 mm \u00e0 50 mm, selon les groupes.<\/p>\n

La t\u00eate, ant\u00e9rieure, porte de longues antennes filiformes et des yeux compos\u00e9s bien d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s.
\nLa bouche ventrale est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 des pi\u00e8ces buccales de type broyeur.<\/p>\n

En arri\u00e8re, le thorax est muni de deux paires d’ailes dorsales, les ailes ant\u00e9rieures \u00e9tant souvent transform\u00e9es en \u00e9lytres coriaces, dispos\u00e9es \u00e0 plat sur le dos.
\nVentralement, il pr\u00e9sente trois paires de pattes \u00e9pineuses.<\/p>\n

L’abdomen, post\u00e9rieur, est termin\u00e9 par une paire de cerques visibles.<\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n

Diversit\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Blattod\u00e9s<\/strong><\/td>\nMantod\u00e9s<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
couleur beige \u00e0 noire<\/td>\ncouleur souvent verte, de camouflage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t\u00eate \u00e0 face verticale<\/td>\nt\u00eate triangulaire et tr\u00e8s mobile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pronotum d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 recouvrant en partie la t\u00eate, mais pas les c\u00f4t\u00e9s du thorax<\/td>\nprothorax long, dress\u00e9 au repos avec les pattes ant\u00e9rieures repli\u00e9es<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ailes post\u00e9rieures de grande surface<\/td>\npattes ant\u00e9rieures ravisseuses, fortement \u00e9pineuses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
r\u00e9duction des ailes chez les femelles de certaines esp\u00e8ces<\/td>\ndimorphisme sexuel marqu\u00e9, m\u00e2le de petite taille<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
r\u00e9gime alimentaire diversifi\u00e9<\/td>\nr\u00e9gime alimentaire diversifi\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ooth\u00e8que parfois port\u00e9e par la femelle<\/td>\nooth\u00e8que accroch\u00e9e \u00e0 une plante<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

  <\/p>\n

Cycle de vie<\/h2>\n

L’accouplement est suivi de la ponte des \u0153ufs par la femelle.
\nLes \u0153ufs sont prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par une enveloppe produite par la femelle, appel\u00e9e ooth\u00e8que.<\/p>\n

Au terme du d\u00e9veloppement embryonnaire, l’\u00e9closion lib\u00e8re des individus juv\u00e9niles ressemblant aux adultes du point de vue de l’organisation corporelle comme des mode et milieu de vie.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement post-embryonnaire comprend plusieurs stades juv\u00e9niles successifs, s\u00e9par\u00e9s par des mues. Ces derni\u00e8res permettent la formation et la croissance progressives des ailes sous forme d’\u00e9bauches externes.<\/p>\n

L’imago \u00e9merge \u00e0 la faveur d’une derni\u00e8re mue, imaginale.<\/p>\n

En absence de larve et de m\u00e9tamorphose au cours de leur cycle de vie, les Dictyopt\u00e8res sont qualifi\u00e9s d’Insectes h\u00e9t\u00e9rom\u00e9taboles paurom\u00e9taboles.
\nEn raison du d\u00e9veloppement des ailes sous forme de fourreaux alaires externes, ils sont \u00e9galement dits exopt\u00e9rygotes.<\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u00c9tymologiquement, le terme \u00ab Dictyopt\u00e8re \u00bb d\u00e9rive de \u00ab dictyo \u00bb signifiant \u00ab r\u00e9seau \u00bb et \u00ab pteron \u00bb signifiant \u00ab aile \u00bb. Il est une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de nervures transversales sur les ailes dans le groupe.   Le taxon des Dictyopt\u00e8res est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par 8 000 esp\u00e8ces environ. Selon les sous-groupes, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":5386,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5145","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5145"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5159,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5145\/revisions\/5159"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codexvirtualis.fr\/codex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}